CHAPTER 3 CONDUCTING A GOAL ANALYSIS

Objectives

·        Classify instructional design in the following domains; intellectual, skill, verbal information, psychomotor skill, attitude.

·         Perform a goal analysis to identify the major steps required to accomplish an instructional goal. 

Background

The major purpose of instructional analysis is to identify the skills and knowledge that should be included in our instruction, and how the designer determines the major components of instruction trough goal analysis. It will focus on goal analysis procedures.

Concepts

An instructional analysis is a set of procedures that, when applied to an instructional goals, result in the identification of the relevant steps for performing a goal and the subordinate skills required for a student to achieve the goal.

There are two steps of goal analysis; the first is to identify the goal statement, and the second is to identify and sequence the major steps required.

Example:

1.      Given a list of cities, name the state of which each is the capital.

2.      Given a bank statement and a checkbook, balance the checkbook.

3.      Set up and operate a video camera

4.      Choose to make lifestyle decisions that reflect positive lifelong health concerns.

   

Verbal Information

-          Require the learners to provide specific responses to relatively specific questions.

-          We can spot a verbal information goal by the verb is used.

Intellectual Skills

Intellectual skills are forming concepts, applying rules, and solving problems. So the learners can classify things according to labels and characteristic, can apply the rules, and can select and apply a variety of rules in order to solve the problems.

Psychomotor Skills

-          Involves the coordination of mental and physical activity.

-          The characteristic are the learners must execute muscular actions, with or without equipment, to achieve specified result.

Attitude

-          Tendency to make particular choices or decisions.

-          Can be viewed as influencing the learner to choose.

Goal Analysis Procedures.

-          The best technique in analyzing a goal is to describe, in step-by-step fashion, exactly what a person would be doing when performing the goal. –

-          Goal analysis is the visual display of the specific steps the learner would do when performing the instructional goal. –

-          As you analyze your goal, you may find that have difficulty knowing exactly how much should be included in each step.

-          Doing the goal analysis would be similar to preparing an outline of topic contained in the goal, but there is no sequence of steps per se.  

-          In summary, goal analysis for intellectual and psychomotor skill is an analysis of the steps to be performed; for a verbal information goal, it is a list of the major topics to be learned, and either approach is used depending on the nature of an attitudinal goal.

Analysis of Substeps

-          Doing a goal analysis for each step as originally did for the goal itself.

-          It is better to identify too many steps rather that too few.

-          Should stay with the more general statement of the step in the goal.

Summary

-          Several steps in the goal analysis:

o   To classify the goal into one of the four domains of learning (intellectual, skill, verbal information, psychomotor skill, attitude)

o   To identify the major steps that learners must perform to demonstrate they have achieved the goal.

-          Intellectual skill and psychomotor goals, as well as most attitudes, a sequential diagram of the steps to be taken is appropriate.

-          Initial product should be viewed as a draft and should be subjected to evaluation and refinement.

-          The final product of goal analysis is a diagram of skills.